Kursus Asas Pertolongan Kecemasan atau dalam English, Basic Life Support (BLS)

Kursus Asas Pertolongan Kecemasan atau dalam English, Basic Life Support (BLS)

Minggu ni memang dimanfaatkan sebaiknya untuk menjalani latihan asas pertolongan cemas ini. Penting sebenarnya bagi setiap orang untuk ambil berat akan perkara ini, well mana kita tahu kalau orang sekeliling kita tiba-tiba rebah lagi pula kalau family kita sendiri! So tak semestinya anda berada di bidang perubatan, nursing dan sebagainya untuk mempelajari kemahiran ini.

Our course include : Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and Choking

CPR

The function is the give early treatment to the patient, due to cardiac arrest or breathing problems. Main objective is to bring back the body circulation and breathing mechanism into the normal state.

Why? because shortly after the heart stops beating, around 0-4 minutes, it is call clinical death due to the cardiac arrest. senang faham jantung terhenti berdegup dan dikira sebagai kematian klinikal. Punca? darah tak dapat mengalir ke otak. So after the circulation of blood to the whole body are stopped, the brain which control our body system, demand a lot of oxygen and glucose to keep their functionality intact. Kalau tak cukup oxygen, sel otak mati dalam masa 4-6 minit. Selepas 10 minit, dikira sebagai biological death. Very impossible chances to survive lah kalau tak diberikan rawatan segera.

Antara pelaksanaan CPR boleh kita aplikasikan dengan akronim "DR CAB"

Dangerous, Response, Compress, Airway and Breathing Briefly,

-DANGEROUS. We make sure the patient are safe from their surrounding. (road, electric, carbon monoxide etc) Bring them to hard and flat surface. Be careful when to lift the patient, their back and spines are very sensitive!

-RESPONSE. Then give some response to the patient, calling him, tap shoulder to see any response. or simply asking "are you okay?" this may sound funny but the idea is to detect any response from the patient. (movement, breathing, voice) atau 3B (Bergerak, Bernafas dan Bersuara) Also, check for any sign of life. The patient unconscious, quickly ASK FOR HELP! from the people around you. Ask the to call the ambulanced, and bring the AED (Automatic External Defibrillators) or if nobody closer, shout for help!

-COMPRESSION. Before doing the chess compression, Check the pulse, there are 9 pulse but the one we practise is to detect the carotid pulse on the neck just medial to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Chech the pulse in less then 10 seconds. Give compression, push hard and fast approximately at least 100/minutes and press at least 2 inches (5cm) for an adult. Push at the sternum for 30 times. we doing it for 5 cycles and help the patient breathing  in between.

[caption id="attachment_320" align="alignnone" width="368"] chest compression for child. pics credited to necali-rcp.blogspot.com[/caption]

- AIRWAY. By using the technique, (Head Tilt Chin Lift) , the patient's airways can be straighten so the air can flow easily to the lungs. Also check for any blockage to the airways, using (finger sweep). If this technique are not being apply, tongue or any objects will block the airways, less oxygen will be given.

[caption id="attachment_318" align="alignnone" width="409"] Head tilt chin lift maneuver. pics credited to necali rcp.blogspot.com[/caption]

-BREATHING. Breathe out for 2 times to the patient. You might be thinking why should we blow to the patient's mouth (using mask or directly). The oxygen percentage in the atmosphere : 20.9%, that is around 21% . We absorb 5% during inhalation and the remaining 16% will be exhaled out. That is sufficient oxygen for the patient.

[caption id="attachment_319" align="alignnone" width="416"] breathing technique pics credited to necali-rcp.blogspot.com[/caption]

-and lastly after pulse & breathing intact, position the patient into semi-prone (lying on the side). This is call recovery position

[caption id="attachment_317" align="alignnone" width="487"] Recovery Position. pics credited to necali-rcp.blogspot.com[/caption]

We also get to use the training AED, while in the process of CPR. And also we train how to do the cpr if one person and by two person (one compress, one breathing), shifting after the 5 cycles are done but still no pulse detected. We are thankful for the facilities prepared by our faculty, such "little anne" are really helpful, getting the right pressure to apply, air flow rate and even to feel the carotid pulse.

[caption id="attachment_314" align="alignnone" width="800"] ini si little anne[/caption]

Kira setiap orang dapat practise tahap tekanan dan tiupan udara ke dalam paru-paru pesakit. Posisi tangan semasa compression juga boleh si little anne ni detect. Kalau blow kuat sangat memang light indicator tu menyala warna merah. Kalau tak buat head tilt chin lift, udara tak masuk, paru-paru little anne tak berkembang atau kalau udara masuk sekali pun, dekat indicator, led di bahagian bawah sternum akan menyala. Dah habis 5 kitaran compression & breathing, kita boleh kenalpasti kedudukan carotid pulse pada leher si little anne ni.

Futhermore, we also learn how to give CPR to infants.

[caption id="attachment_322" align="alignnone" width="122"] cpr to infants. pics credited to necali-rcp.blogspot.com[/caption]

Of course with a different technique but still applying the same concept. The difference in the compression technique (using finger) and how to detect the sternum of infants. The breathing covering the mouth and nose of the infant as both are so small while still applying head tilt chin lift to clear the flow of the airway. 30 compress and two breathe given for 5 cycles (still the same) and also doing it on hard and flat surface.

[caption id="attachment_326" align="alignnone" width="487"] pics credited to necali-rcp.blogspot.com[/caption]

 

Here are the breathing techniques :
- Mouth to mouth
- Mouth to nose
- Mouth to stoma
- Mouth to barier device

also the CPR will still going on until :
- patient are recovered (pulse & breathing present)
- Paramedics arravied ( medical team take charge )
- The person applying the CPR are tired
- Patient are biologically dead (confirmed by doctors)

 

CHOKING

 

We also learn how to handle choking adults, children and baby (infants). Choking causes the blocking of airway and may lead to unconsciousness. We also learn how to give them heimlich maneuver and if the patient become unconscious, proceed to CPR but checking their moth using "toungue jaw lift" after each compression before breathing given.

[caption id="attachment_323" align="alignnone" width="1024"] heimlich infant. pics credited to necali-rcp.blogspot.com[/caption]

 

[caption id="attachment_324" align="alignnone" width="200"] heimlich for adult. pics credited to necali-rcp.blogspot.com[/caption]

 

[caption id="attachment_325" align="alignnone" width="361"] heimlich for child. pics credited to necali-rcp.blogspot.com[/caption]

 

also, my classmates during practical sessions.

[caption id="attachment_328" align="alignnone" width="960"] performing heimlich maneuver[/caption]

 

[caption id="attachment_327" align="alignnone" width="960"] performing cpr[/caption]

and the next day......

EXAM! The next day after the theory and practical class, We are sitting for an exam (theory and ospe)

passing marks for theory paper was 70%, should be 100% correct actually, because we have to get clear knowledge and to minimize any mistake that may cause the patient's death. For learning purposes, 70% required. Then for practical, 4 counter for different real life situation. Including choking and cpr and also combine. Depends..